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Zhodnocení činnosti organizace Maternity Foundation ve vybraných rozvojových zemích
Pleskačová, Dorota
The thesis deals with the activities of the non-profit organization Maternity Foundation in developing countries, which is trying to reduce the rate of maternal and neonatal mortality in the world. It uses innovative educational applications to ensure long-term sustainable development. The aim of this bachelor thesis is to evaluate their efforts and, based on selected developing countries, to compare the results and identify possible differences. The theoretical part introduces the non-profit sector and the importance of non-profit organizations. Then are presented the metrics, which rank the impact of this non-profit organization. The practical part deals with the categorization of developing countries, through which suitable countries will be determined for comparison. Next is an evaluation of the activities of the Maternity Foundation and a list of recommendations that could have an even greater impact on reducing maternal and neonatal mortality.
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Impact of health expenditures on infant mortality in Africa
Bajer, Vladimír ; Šlegerová, Lenka (advisor) ; Bertoli, Paola (referee)
Each year, the infant mortality rate per 1,000 live births in Africa is more than 15 times higher than in the Czech Republic. This thesis investigates whether infant, neonatal and under-5 mortality rates could be lowered by an increase in health expenditures in Africa. We used data from 49 African countries for the last 20 available years, i.e., from 2000 to 2019. Applying the fixed effects estimation method for panel data, we examined the health expenditures as aggregate total current spending, and also separately as domestic private, domestic public and external. Our analyses showed significant negative relationships between both total current and external (i.e., direct foreign transfers and foreign transfers distributed by a government) health spending and infant/under-5 mortality. Additionally, under-5 mortality is also significantly affected by domestic private spending. On the contrary, no significant relationship between neonatal mortality and any health expenditure was found. Previously performed studies claimed that domestic public spending decreases studied mortalities too. However, our results imply that the effect of domestic public spending has disappeared and transferred instead into external and private health funds. Thus, it is crucial to invest in these segments more to lessen...
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Assessing the implementation of the health-focused Sustainable Development Goals in low-income countries
Ratajová, Natalie ; Hasman, Jiří (advisor) ; Preis, Jiří (referee)
The thesis examines the success of meeting the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) on the example of 46 countries among least developed countries in the world. Specifically, the thesis focuses on SDGs dedicated to health - SDG 3.1. and SDG 3.2. and their indicators. Based on the research questions, key strategies for achieving the goals in the monitored group of countries are presented. The following chapter is an evaluation of selected parameters and their indicators. Six most successful countries are selected based on the last research question (the countries with the most progress in the worst-performing indicator). Their example shows the established interventions that have helped the countries the most. The motivation for this focus of work is the topicality and lack of other documentation of this topic. The SDGs are now in their midst, and few literature analyzes SDG 3, which I have chosen in the least developed group of the world. The text is based on the findings of the SDGs and their context in the monitored countries. For the needs of the thesis, a lot of data from various data sources were processed, from which research questions were evaluated. The analysis confirmed the improvement of values in the monitored SDG indicators in the least developed countries of the world. However, there...
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Infant mortality in international comparison
Novotná, Veronika ; Pechholdová, Markéta (advisor) ; Fiala, Tomáš (referee)
The aim of this thesis was to analyse detailed data on the development of infant mortality for different countries and their comparison. The countries were selected from several parts of Europe to provide high quality data for analysis. Different components of infant mortality with respect to data availability were examined as well as infant mortality by gender. Comparisons among selected countries were made based on different variability measures. Largely, the thesis deals with infant mortality depending on the level of development of the countries. Using regression and correlation analysis, infant mortality dependence was determined on various determinants with prerequisites to explain part of the infant mortality variability. The selected determinants include, for example, GDP per capita, unemployment rate or life expectancy.
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COMPARISON OF MORTALITY STRUCTURE BY AGE IN THE REGIONS OF THE WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION
Sabó, Martin ; Pavlík, Zdeněk (advisor) ; Pachlová, Tereza (referee)
The presented diploma thesis deals with the comparison of mortality structure by age and includes 194 member countries of the World Health Organization. The aim of the thesis is to confront mortality development in these countries with the help of individual mortality characteristics. At the beginning of this thesis are defined demographic terms and indicators, data sources and calculation methodology. The databases of the World Health Organization and the World Bank were used as the main source of data and all countries were divided into six world regions. The second chapter is devoted to selected types of mortality, namely neonatal and infant, under-five mortality, maternal mortality and adult mortality. After that, the work focuses on life expectancy of 0 and 60 years of age divided per sex. The last chapter is devoted to the optimum retirement age in selected countries. Conclusion connects of the all above well, and we can find there comprehensive information about difference of mortality practically all over the world.
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